[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#9dbf9e” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#326622″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”Inter|||on|||||” header_text_color=”#326622″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Once you have determined what condition your site is in and if and what type of revegetation is appropriate, it is time to get down to the detail of the site.<\/p>\n
The next steps are:<\/p>\n
Please remember that sites in good condition that have intact and healthy native groundcover (native grasses, herbs, forbs), native grassland, some wetlands and cultural sites may not be suitable for revegetation at all, or only low-intervention methods. Make sure you understand the condition of your site.<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n This website has localised vegetation profiles for revegetation.<\/p>\n Click here to go to the map<\/a>. Determine what district or subcatchment you are in and click that part of the map to head to the corresponding profile pae. Here you will see the species of plants you should be considering.<\/p>\n Not all plants are readily available for revegetation \u2013 seed may not be available or readily germinated in the nursery. In a highly degraded site, planting should reflect natural succession \u2013 a higher number of tough pioneer species (like Eucalyptus<\/em> spp. and Acacia<\/em> spp.) initially to create the microclimates for understorey and more sensitive species that can be introduced later on.<\/p>\n Planting groundlayer plants into a highly degraded site is often disappointing \u2013 plan ahead to introduce those later if you want them (see Medium term: twelve months to three <\/strong>years after planting<\/strong>).<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#E09900″ custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n The method you choose will depend largely on the condition of the site \u2013 where is it on the vegetation condition continuum?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-28-160032.png” title_text=”Screenshot 2024-08-28 160032″ align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Revegetation methods and when to use them<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|0px||0px|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#326622″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_4_font=”Inter|||on|||||” header_4_text_align=”center” header_4_text_color=”#326622″ hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” background_color=”#9dbf9e” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Find out more…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/5b-JpudN9uk” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding=”|30px||30px|false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Inter||on||||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding=”|30px||30px|false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n North Coast CMA – Bush for Birds: Planting <\/span><\/a>(Duration: 10 minutes)<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Regeneration ” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Plants will readily naturally regenerate when conditions are optimal, this includes seasons with higher-than-average rainfall years, ground that has less competition from weeds and lower grazing pressure.<\/p>\n Minor disturbance (raking, shallow ripping, weed & biomass control, burning) may be used to encourage seed germination.<\/p>\n It is common for trees (eucalypts) to come up from seed in revegetation rip lines in highly modified sites.<\/p>\n In some ecosystems (especially in the drier rangelands) plants do not readily set seed and rely on vegetative growth, or suckering to spread. This table (Figure 20) identifies plants that can be encouraged to regenerate through suckering when roots are carefully manually disturbed. Landholders that have experimented with this technique have observed responses and reliability of suckering in descending order of success.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-28-160421.png” title_text=”Screenshot 2024-08-28 160421″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Species that respond to stimultion for root regeneration (suckering)<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Other species that are known to sucker include: Deane\u2019s Wattle (Acacia deanii<\/em>), Drooping Wattle (Acacia difformis<\/em>), and Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata<\/em>).<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n To stimulate root suckering the following steps are recommended:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Regeneration-Suckering.jpeg” title_text=”Regeneration Suckering” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Example of root suckering Photo: Michael Bull.<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Reseeding” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” title_level=”h2″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_3_font=”Inter|||on|||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” header_3_font_size=”22px” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n This is a low-intervention, targeted method for sites in good condition where you want to reintroduce species or achieve small, targeted revegetation. It involves laying down seed-bearing branches or transferring soil or leaf litter from a better site.<\/p>\n General tips<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n The outcome is not guaranteed so this method is generally not suitable for sites where a broadscale outcome is required, and is suited to sites where people are very committed to ongoing management.<\/p>\n (see Deeper read Seed Collection)<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_heading _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_3_font=”Inter|||on|||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” header_3_font_size=”22px” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Direct seeding involves applying seed (including pre-treated seed) to the site either by hand, through transfer of seedbearing material or by machine. It is most successful for sites with more resilience and less nutrient enrichment \u2013 less degraded sites. Seedlings are less likely to be swamped by introduced weeds, and it is a low intervention where there is native groundcover already.<\/p>\n Direct seeding can take up to five years for full germination, but the result is a more \u2018natural\u2019 look rather than straight lines of planting.<\/p>\n Agricultural air seeders may be used for very large scale direct seeding when scale, access, soil and seed availability are appropriate.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n There are a number of different direct seeding machines \u2013 speak to the contractor as to what might be best suited to your site.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/HandspreaderstolenASKTASH.png” title_text=”HandspreaderstolenASKTASH” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Figure 22: Hand seeding might mean broadcasting seed by hand or using a hand-held spreader such as a fertiliser spreader.<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fig-22-direct-seeding-machine-option-2-e1724826329395.jpg” title_text=”Screenshot” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Figure 23: Direct-seeding machine. Photo: Judy Kirk<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fig-21-20200802_clayballseeding-2-Resized-e1724826381488.jpg” title_text=”Fig 21 20200802_clayballseeding (2) – Resized” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Figure 24: Seed may also be distributed in specially prepared clay balls.. Photo: K. Durant\/HLN<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n In general:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_3_font=”Inter|||on|||||” header_3_font_size=”22px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Contact your direct seeding contractor for specific recommendations but in general for woodland restoration you need 600\u2013800g of seed per hectare.<\/p>\n To calculate the amounts you can work on 3km of seeding per hectare and the amount of seed required per km can vary but the range is generally 200\u2013500g\/km depending on what vegetation might already be on the site and what you are trying to achieve.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Revegetation with Seedlings ” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Replanting involves revegetation with seedlings and they can be hand planted or machine planted.<\/p>\n Most highly degraded (no native vegetation, \u2018greenfield\u2019) sites benefit from ripping and spraying of the rip lines to improve ease of planting (see Chapter 6 Site preparation and planting) whether planting by hand or machine.<\/p>\n Machine planting is generally done by a contractor and certain machines require particular seedling growing systems to suit them; seedlings must be well advanced and site preparation needs to be very particular. Take advice from your contractor. (See Planting section.)<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_3_font=”Inter|||on|||||” header_3_font_size=”22px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n The density of your planting will depend on:<\/p>\n The figure below gives recommended ranges of plants per ha and the tree:shrub ratio.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-28-163957.png” title_text=”Screenshot 2024-08-28 163957″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Recommended ranges of plants per ha and tree:shrub ratio guide.<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Every site is different \u2013 this is a guide only.<\/p>\n Consider the following:<\/p>\n Groundlayer plants can be additional to the recommended density of trees and shrubs, and plant in between the others. If it is a scalped site, plantings should follow the grassland recommendation.<\/p>\n Planting for carbon sequestration, shelterbelts and forestry have their own specific recommendations (see Chapter 4).<\/p>\n And remember \u2013 leave gaps for flyways around wetlands, and basking habitat around rocky outcrops.<\/p>\n Refer to the design principles in Chapter 4 for more detail on what is suitable for your site.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Calculate number of seedlings” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Numbers per hectare (ha) translate into to grid spacing \u00a0– this can be used to get a \u00a0ripline spacing, and then a plant spacing on the ripline. Here are some examples to give you an idea:<\/p>\n For some sites the whole fenced area may not be able to be planted, so estimate the plantable area either by:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n To get the number:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-28-165126.png” title_text=”Screenshot 2024-08-28 165126″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#326622″ sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#9dbf9e” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Find out more…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n \u201cNative Revegetation Standards \u2013 Revegetation Planting Standards \u2013 Guidelines for establishing native vegetation for net gain accounting\u201d Department of Sustainability and Environmental \u2013 Victoria 2006<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cGuide to Planting Densities \u2013 Recreating Habitats from Scratch\u201d The State Department of Victoria –\u00a0 Department of Natural Resources and Environment 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Selecting and ordering seedlings ” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Order plants from the nursery at least six or seven months before planting, usually by October \/November the year before planting.<\/p>\n Plants can of course be ordered later than this but numbers and the choice of species and provenance might be limited.<\/p>\n For specific and unusual species you need to order at least twelve months ahead, in case the seed isn\u2019t available and needs to be collected.<\/p>\n To help with plant selection<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Ask your local nursery<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Create a list of plants and the numbers you need and send this to your local nursery to get a quote. Be sure to ask:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Recognising a Quality Seedling” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n The quality of the seedling when it is planted can have a huge influence on success.<\/p>\n Size doesn\u2019t necessarily matter \u2013 generally smaller healthy plants can cope with the stress of planting out: after being tended every day in a nursery they are removed from the pot, planted in the ground and usually left to fend for themselves.<\/p>\n What does matter is:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding=”|181px||180px||” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#326622″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#326622″ text_font_size=”18px” text_letter_spacing=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Another key to success is to plant as soon as possible after seedlings leave the nursery. It may be a perfect plant when you pick it up from the nursery but three weeks forgotten on the veranda before planting can make a big difference!<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Collecting your own seed” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Seed collection needs its own manual and if you are interested in this there are specific Florabank guidelines for the collection of seed. Florabank guidelines can be found here<\/a>. But here are a few considerations.<\/p>\n Some key references are the books by Murray Ralph \u2013 Seed collection of native plants,<\/em> 1993, and Growing Australian native plants from seed<\/em>, 1997.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”What type of seedling?” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n When you order plants from a nursery, check how the nursery is growing the plants.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Forestry Tubes<\/strong><\/p>\n Single plastic tubes with a longer narrow shape with one plant per tube.<\/p>\n Pros<\/em> \u2013 Can be less prone to drying out, ideal if you are giving away small numbers of plants, or your planting method involves individual distribution of plants. Can use with Hamilton tree planter or a larger pottaputtki.<\/p>\n Cons<\/em> \u2013 more expensive, bulkier transport \u2013 how many depends on holding tray system used.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding=”20px|||||”]<\/p>\n Hiko trays<\/strong><\/p>\n A cell system most often with 40 plants per hiko, but can be more.<\/p>\n Pros<\/em> \u2013 cheaper per plant and efficient storage and transport (standard single cab ute tray can transport 2000), work really well with the pottaputtki planting system \u2013 very efficient<\/p>\n Cons<\/em> \u2013 minimum of 40 plants, although sometimes you can order mixed or half trays from the nursery<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding=”27px|||||”]<\/p>\n Longstem tube stock<\/strong><\/p>\n Specific plants grown forestry tubes deliberately to have a longer stem:root ratio. Designed to be planted deeper and for roots to grow from stem nodes.<\/p>\n Pros<\/em> \u2013possibly quicker establishment, used in riparian bank repair situations<\/p>\n Cons<\/em> \u2013 only specific species suitable (with stem nodes that will root) , ideally planted with a water tube to get them down to depth<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Fig26longstemfrombrochure.png” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_text=”Fig26longstemfrombrochure” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″ align=”center”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Other<\/strong><\/p>\n There are a variety of different sized cells that are sometimes used for specific plants or purposes\u2013 the important thing is being able to recognize a healthy seedling \u2013 see \u00a0\u2018Recognising a quality seedling<\/strong>\u2019<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/forestrytube_resized.jpg” title_text=”forestrytube_resized” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Hiko_resized.jpg” title_text=”Hiko_resized” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Longstem_IMG_2300_Leigh-Mathieson.jpg” title_text=”Longstem_IMG_2300_Leigh Mathieson” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Weed Mat, Mulch and other groundcoverings” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Weed mat or mulch is not generally recommended for broadscale plantings, but it may be used in specific situations like landscaping works in parks and gardens, erosion treatments, seed-production areas and in organic production systems.<\/p>\n There are many products available for rehabilitation sites (e.g., embankments) where erosion is a risk \u2013 these are very site specific.<\/p>\n Pros<\/em> \u2013 can hasten groundcover and help establish plants on difficult slopes.<\/p>\n Cons<\/em> \u2013 very expensive, waste issues \u2013 non-biodegradable products are generally not recyclable.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Tree Guards ” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Why you would consider tree guards:<\/p>\n Here are a few things to take into consideration when deciding whether to use tree guards:<\/p>\n Investing in control of grazing pest animals such as rabbits, hares and deer has a far greater long-term result and can be more cost-effective, plus it has other benefits for the farm.<\/p>\n Consider other ways to manage grazing impact in designing the site \u2013 avoid long sprayed rows in favour of random spot-spraying, or maintain fallen timber and debris to shelter seedlings.<\/p>\n If you do use tree guards, consider investing in biodegradable guards to avoid plastic litter.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” hover_enabled=”0″ border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#326622″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_4_font=”Inter|||on|||||” header_4_text_align=”center” header_4_text_color=”#326622″ hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” background_color=”#9dbf9e” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Find our more…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/tQBjQIYRuKs” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding=”|30px||30px|false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n North Coast CMA – Bush for Birds: Tree guards (Duration: 10 minutes)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Timing of Planting” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Across the guide area, recommended planting times will vary, but April to September<\/em> is the broad planting window in this part of NSW.<\/p>\n With climate change, there is likely increasing variability in seasonal rainfall patterns, but for the Riverina and South West Slopes the season of rainfall will still be in that window. When faced with less predictable rainfall, the inclination is to change to autumn rather than spring planting, but increasingly unpredictable autumns mean that also comes with risk.<\/p>\n Making a decision based on the weather and short-term seasonal predictions is most useful, but keep in mind you may also be constrained by when the plants become available at the nursery. You can order plants for a certain time, but seasonal conditions sometimes determine when exactly they are ready \u2013 nurseries generally prefer to harden off plants to frost before they release them, and the timing can be unpredictable.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Supplementary Watering ” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ideally, the need for watering is managed with the time of planting and good site preparation, which ensures that the plant goes in with maximum moisture and gets the benefit of at least some further rainfall. Ripping and weed control before planting can improve moisture retention and reduce weed competition and the need for supplementary watering. However, we know this doesn\u2019t always work out and the need for watering is highly dependent on seasonal conditions. In more arid environments where rainfall is very unpredictable, automated watering systems can be considered to ensure establishment, but this is expensive and requires access to a water source.<\/p>\n Planting in winter with good preparation should negate the need for watering at planting. If you do think you need to water plants \u2013 plan it for late spring as the soil is warming, which may be of greatest benefit in a tight season.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Fertiliser ” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Seedlings usually contain a slow-release fertiliser that may still have residual effect when they are planted; generally fertiliser is not recommended for most revegetation types.<\/p>\n Pros<\/em> \u2013 it may be useful in some circumstances where soil is limited, e.g., a quarry rehabilitation or extreme erosion sites; it\u2019s common practice in commercial forestry.<\/p>\n Cons<\/em> \u2013 fertiliser must not have direct contact with the root ball, which makes planting more complicated, and adds cost.<\/p>\n Fertilising at a winter planting can be a waste as the plants are not actively growing, and if they are forced it can create unwanted growth making them vulnerable to frost damage. Fertilising may be more beneficial after planting in spring.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Browsing deterrents ” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Grazing animals such as rabbits, hares, goats, deer, kangaroos, wallabies and wombats can kill young seedlings.<\/p>\n In recent years products have been developed that can be sprayed onto seedlings to deter browsing and offer an alternative to guarding seedlings. The theory is grazers try the seedlings initially and experience the unpleasant taste and grittiness which stops them trying again. Seedlings are sprayed with the product before planting, usually in the nursery.<\/p>\n Pros<\/em> \u2013 may be cheaper with less waste than guards.<\/p>\n Cons<\/em> \u2013 there is an additional cost per plant, effectiveness is not guaranteed, it does wash off so best practice is to reapply the product a few times during early growth phases, which is not easily achieved in a biodiversity planting.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#326622″ sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” background_color=”#9dbf9e” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Find out more…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding=”|30px||30px|false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n NECMA trial report<\/span><\/p>\n Arborgreen website for Sen-Tree Browsing Deterrent<\/span><\/p>\n Sen-Tree Browsing Deterrent Monitoring<\/span><\/p>\n Borrowed plant defenses: Deterring browsers using a forestry by-product<\/span><\/p>\n Non-lethal strategies to reduce browse damage in Eucalypt plantations<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Grass Control” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n If there is a lot of grassy trash (biomass) on the site, you may need to reduce it before site preparation. Heavily graze the site if possible or slash\/mow the lines before you start your site preparation \u2013 knockdown sprays work better on fresh growth and ripping is more effective.<\/p>\n This is necessary especially for direct-seeding sites as the seeder tine can\u2019t go through high biomass easily and seeding is less efficient and effective.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Cultural Heritage Values” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n If your site has cultural values \u2013 objects, features like ovens, middens, scar trees \u2013 or it is a special place that is important to First Nations People, talking to First Nations People about your plans for that site is very important. Start with your local Land Council. Looking after these sites is the most important thing you can do, and usually that means fencing it from livestock and restoring it. This may include planting of native vegetation but generally means using low-intervention methods.<\/p>\n These sites should not<\/em> be ripped or highly disturbed for any reason, and disturbance of cultural objects and sites could result in compliance actions.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Ripping” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Check first to see if you need to deep rip or disturb your site. The more compacted the soil and the more modified (farmed) the site the greater the need to deep rip planting areas. Deep ripping breaks compaction layers and allows moisture and roots to move down into the soil profile.<\/p>\n The decision on whether or not to rip depends on the site. Deep ripping may not be appropriate if your site has, or is prone to, erosion or is a riparian area. Ripping could cause more erosion. Seek extra advice before heading out with the tractor. In general:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n In drier areas with less reliable rainfall, some tractor implements can create furrows along the rip line to retain further moisture.<\/p>\n Pros<\/em> \u2013 creates a bed for planting with a moisture profile, enables planting using tools, breaks compaction layers and allows roots to penetrate deeper, creates disturbance that stimulates weed growth for spraying.<\/p>\n Cons<\/em> \u2013generally detrimental to soil health; if you don\u2019t plan to use chemical spray, it will create disturbance that may encourage weed growth; ripping when too wet can cause problems with plant growth; it is detrimental in sites with already good native groundlayer and cultural heritage values.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ripstubble_resized-scaled.jpg” title_text=”ripstubble_resized” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”65px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Ripping on a site where stubble has been retained to maintain some groundcover. Photo: J. Whitty<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/riplinesalternative_HLN.jpg” title_text=”riplinesalternative_HLN” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Rip lines that have been sprayed with a knockdown chemical. Photo: K. Durant\/HLN<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#9dbf9e” custom_padding=”|180px||180px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#326622″ text_font_size=”18px” text_letter_spacing=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Any site with existing native grass and forb ground layer or potential cultural heritage values should NOT be ripped.<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Mounding” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Mounding is a practice that is suitable for revegetation of waterlogged sites and specific site remediation. It is not recommended for revegetation for biodiversity \u2013 the level of soil disturbance is not appropriate and these wet areas might in fact have wetland values and shouldn\u2019t be planted at all.<\/p>\n Mounding may be recommended for specific sites such as planting for salinity management, remediation of mining\/quarry sites and forestry plantings. It is achieved with specialist machinery that has a set of discs as well as a ripping tine. Seek specialist advice from Landcare and\/or your local regional natural resource management agency, or the Soil Conservation Service.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/rippermounder2-e1724895654390.jpg” title_text=”rippermounder2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n A ripper-mounder being used to create a mounded planting site in a salinity planting. Photo: HLN<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Scalping” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Scalping involves the removal of the layers of soil that contain high nutrient loads and weed seeds in order to establish native species. It is generally only used in small sites as it has a high risk of erosion, high impact on soil health and is expensive.<\/p>\n The circumstances in which you might consider it are:<\/p>\n This is a specialist area and a developing technique \u2013 do your research and seek advice from Landcare or your local natural resource management agency before considering it.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/revegetation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fig-29-20200302_Scalp_photocreditWirra_Resized.jpg” title_text=”Fig 29 20200302_Scalp_photocreditWirra_Resized” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Scalping of a site for groundlayer restoration with the top 10\u201315cm of soil removed from a highly degraded site. Photo: S. Rose<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#326622″ sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_4_font=”Inter|||on|||||” header_4_text_align=”center” header_4_text_color=”#326622″ hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” background_color=”#9dbf9e” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Find out more…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding=”|30px||30px|false|false”]<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.malleeconservation.com.au\/blog\/grassland-scalping<\/a><\/p>\nWhat species?<\/h2>\n
What revegetation method?<\/span><\/h2>\n
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‘Passive’ Reseeding<\/h3>\n
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Direct Seeding<\/h3>\n
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How to calculate amount of seed required<\/h3>\n
Planting Densities<\/h3>\n
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PROTECTING YOUR SEEDLINGS<\/h2>\n
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